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 SEAMANSHIP 10 / 05 / 06
 

What if there's a... FIRE?

Boat on fire
Hull, deck, cabin, sails - there's too much aboard a yacht that can burn easily. Proper fire prevention and some kind of fighting equipment is essential.
Picture: www.two-frogs.com

It's the worst thing that can happen short of sinking. And it worries us all, as folks on the Forum have been showing lately. So what do you do if the awful moment happens and you're caught out on the water? Nothing nice if you haven't thought about the possibility.

Essential protection

If nothing else, you have GOT to have some kind of fire protection on board. Fires happen fast at sea - and there's nowhere to run. If all you do is call for help, you could long be history before it gets there. A yacht has too much to burn that you can sit and wait for the professionals. Besides, you have to think of safety for everyone else on board. What are you going to do?

Plan first

Start planning now, before you go anywhere near the harbour. What equipment have you got? When was it last checked? Is it legal? Do you know it's going to work? What's your back-up? Shouldn't you practice some kind of drill? Do you and everyone else on board know where the fire equipment is and how to use it? What have you got on board that's inflammable and is it stored safely? Does your medical kit have stuff for burns?

Maritime Incident Response Group

Hard questions, but any fire at sea is serious. Especially as you're largely on your own resources. Yes, there are emergency teams that can help. You may have seen them in action on the Cypriot-flagged Calypso cruise liner that was immobilised by an engine fire in the middle of the English Channel recently. They are the newly-formed Maritime Incident Response Group, specialist fire fighters from the country's top experts who deployed by helicopter after the Calypso sent out a distress signal some 10 minutes after the blaze started at 3.47am.

Time is vital

Imagine that, in the dark before dawn - everyone asleep and ten minutes before your fire is out of control enough to send a Mayday. And then how long will it be before the MIRG team is scrambled, the helicopter is readied, and actually flies out to get to you? Remember, all that time the fire is going, getting a hold, becoming more dangerous by the second.

Quicker than the fire team

It got so bad on the Calypso that they almost abandoned ship. Four hours they fought the blaze, with the passengers at boat stations. French and British lifeboats were sent, merchant ships stood by while the fire crews were in the air. By the time their chopper landed them on deck, the fire was out - the engine room smothered by CO2 so nothing could burn, which is standard procedure. All over bar the shouting.

And if it hadn't been? Chances are, after four hours, that the MIRG team would have arrived to a substantial blaze, with all the odds heavily against them for putting it out.


The UKs Maritime Incident Response Group logo
The UKs Maritime Incident Response Group (MIRG) is the first specialised fire and rescue service for dealing with incidents at sea. It comprises 15 Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) teams strategically located around the country, with about 50 fire fighters in each team.

Suppression systems

Which puts people like us in a pretty grim position if we're not prepared. Yachties, I mean. Calypso was a full-size 11,000 tonne ship, we're just the little guys. Do any of us have fire suppression systems below decks like they do? (Remember halon systems became illegal from the end of 2003).

A suppression system would make sense if your pocket could afford one though. Any escaped gas for cooking or vapour from fuel systems is heavier than air and collects in the bilges. One spark and you have a full-on explosion - and nothing left of anyone who might be standing next to it.

No hazardous materials

Actually you don't want to have fuel stored aboard unnecessarily anyway. You've got enough to worry about with what's already in your tanks. You don't want any other stuff around that's hazardous either.

Rules for the crew

Which means you're going to have to insist on a few rules.

  1. Everyone should be aware of the location of the fire extinguishers on board and how to use them.
  2. There should be:
    • a minimum of one fire extinguisher in each cabin, near the door.
    • a fire blanket near the cooker.
    • an automatic gas extinguisher in the engine compartment
    • 2 buckets with lanyards and strong handles on deck
    • a large extinguisher in the cockpit

Remember that fire extinguishers come in different types

Water extinguishers:

Must not be used on oil or electrical fires - anyway, there's plenty of water over the side.

Dry powder extinguishers:

Are OK for most fires, but are very messy.

Foam extinguishers:

Are safe for most fires on a yacht.

Gas extinguishers:

CO2 or GTFE (a replacement gas for Halon) extinguishers are ideal in an engine compartment if they're automatic. However most yacht-sized CO2 extinguishers are manual and you don't want to open an engine hatch onto a fire. If there's no extinguisher in the compartment, have a small hole with a cover so you can reach in with an extinguisher that has a flexible hose. Don't forget to safeguard your generator if you have one fitted. On large vessels with proper engine rooms, remember that your gas extinguishers work by replacing the oxygen in the atmosphere, you can't breathe when the fire suppression system cuts in! If you have to go in, wear breathing apparatus.

Electrical switches, fuel and gas valves

Everyone must know how to turn off gas, fuel and electrical supplies. Done quickly, most fires will never develop to a major problem.

Oh yes, and after all that - be careful!



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